India’s small-family norm evolved from concept to official policy, peaking with the two-child norm in 1986.
Author
Sushant Kumar, Assistant Professor, Jindal School of Government and Public Policy, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
Summary
The evolution of India’s small-family norm since its independence is traced, examining its development from concept to official policy. The initial promotion by institutions like the Indian Army and influential figures is explored and the role of Ford Foundation-funded campaigns in creating public consent is highlighted. The study shows how the two-child norm reached the pinnacle of national politics by 1986, appearing in Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s Twenty-Point programme. Notably, this policy shift overlooked government studies indicating a preference for larger families and more sons among Indians, failing to address the underlying reasons for such preferences.
Published in: Economic and Political Weekly
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