Altered brain dynamics and reduced information exchange may serve as potential biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease with severe hyposmia.
Authors
Sneha Ray, Department of Neurosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Navkiran Kalsi, Associate Professor, Jindal School of Psychology & Counselling, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India
Henning Boecker, Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Neeraj Upadhyay, Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Rajanikant Panda, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Summary
Hyposmia, a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD) linked to reduced odor sensitivity, is associated with brain structural and functional changes, but dynamic brain activity and altered regional information exchange remain underexplored, limiting insight into underlying brain states. We selected 15 PD patients with severe hyposmia (PD-SH), 15 PD patients with normal cognition (PD-CN), and 15 healthy controls (HC). Using functional MRI, we assessed the brain’s spatiotemporal connectivity (brain-state) alterations, and the brain’s capacity for higher-order information exchange (synergy and redundancy). A dynamic brain state with complex-long-range connections was significantly reduced in PD-SH and PD-CN, compared to HC. Brain-states consisting of modular-clusters in sensorimotor and frontal areas occurred more frequently in PD-SH than in PD-CN and HC. Higher-order information flow was reduced in PD patients, with PD-SH showing a greater reduction in synergetic information flow in frontal, insula, and left sensory-motor. These findings suggest potential discriminative biomarkers for PD-SH.
Published in: npj Systems Biology and Applications
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